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The world's 25 greatest modern buildings

The world's 25 greatest modern buildings

A buildings buff and an architect choose the most exceptional edifices from the past century
By Winnie So 27 September, 2010
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  • Niterói Contemporary Art Museum, Rio de Janiero, Brazil, by Oscar Niemeyer, 1996
  • Crematorium, Berlin Germany, by Axel Schultes, 1999
  • Saint-Pierre Church, Firminy, France, by Le Corbusier, 2006
  • Bruder Klaus Chapel, Wachendorf, Germany, by Peter Zumthor, 2007
  • Church of Light, Ibaraki, Japan, by Tadao Ando, 1989
  • Gare do Oriente, Lisbon, Portugal, by Santiago Calatrava, 1998
  • Yokohama International Port Terminal, Japan, by Foreign Office Architects, 2002
  • TWA Flight Center, New York, USA, by Eero Saarinen, 1962
  • Library of Alexandria, Egypt, by Snøhetta Architects, 2002
  • Brandenburg Technical University, Cottbus, Germany, by Herzog & de Meuron, 2005
  • Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York City, USA, by Frank Lloyd Wright, 1959
  • Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain, by Frank Gehry, 1977
  • New Museum, New York City, by SANNA, 2007
  • Holocaust History Museum at Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, Isreal, by Moshe Safdie, 2005
  • Philharmonie, Berlin, Germany, by Hans Scharoun, 1963
  • Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center, New Caledonia, by Renzo Piano, 1998
  • National Assembly, Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban, Dhaka, Bangladesh, by Louis Kahn, 1982
  • Hearst Tower, New York, by Norman Foster, 2006
  • CCTV Headquarters, Beijing, China, by Office of Metropolitan Architects, 2008
  • Villa Savoye, Poissy, France, by Le Corbusier, 1929
  • Casa Gilardi, Tacubaya, Mexico, Luis Barragán, 1976
  • Schröder House, Utrecht, The Netherlands, by Gerrit Rietveld, 1924
  • Barcelona Pavilion, Barcelona, Spain, by Mies van der Rohe, 1929, rebuilt 1986
  • Glass House, New Canaan, USA, by Philip Johnson, 1949
  • Untitled Works in Concrete at Chinati, Marfa, USA, by Donald Judd, 1984


A compilation of history's greatest construction projects brings with it equal parts enthusiasm and exasperation. When we first began assembling this list, we were overwhelmed by the options before us.

A sumptuous palace such as Versailles is both beautiful and historic, as is the Taj Mahal or Neuschwanstein Castle. We needed to set some limiting criteria.

Arbitrary as they may seem, they allow us to tell a story of Modernism’s influence on the ways in which we experience the space around us.

Time period: Last 100 years. No building completed earlier than 1910.
Style: Modern
Definition of architecture: In its most minimal form, it provides shelter.

Be it in death, worship, travel, as a repository of knowledge, a place of work or a place of rest, these are spaces and structures that leave us nearly speechless. (Except for the words in this article.)

Check out the world's top 20 skylines and 20 idyllic beach getaways.

Co-author: Viviano Villarreal is a 26-year-old architect currently living in Hong Kong and working with Dutch firm OMA (Office for Metropolitan Architecture) on the design and development of several projects in Asia.

He has collaborated on the design of Gatica House and the Ayen project with Chilean architect Felipe Assadi, the villa at the Museumlaan and Aarhus Docklands with Dutch firm SeARCH, and founded his own architectural studio, MXarchitects in 2008.

Special thanks to Pieter Morlion, Christophe Iaïchouchen, and Marcus Tschaut for allowing use of their photography for this article.

When she’s not working, playing, blogging, tweeting, facebooking or twining (she’s always looking for social enterprises to add to her Goodwill Shopping twine), Winnie works on her book, No Clue Yet, a journey through the realms of philosophy, psychology, cognitive and affective neuroscience, spirituality and whatever inspires her to ponder the question: What does it mean to be human and happy?

Read more about Winnie So
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